Pendidikan Karakter Nabawi sebagai Strategi Problem Solving Pendidikan di Kota Malang

Abstract

This article classifies three types of educational problems in Malang, namely demoralization of children; online learning problems; and children caught up by drugs. As a problem solving strategy, this article offers a nabawi character education adapted from the work of Sa'id Isma'il ‘Ali entitled al-Sunnah al-Nabawiyyah: Ru’yah Al-Tarbawiyyah, then contextualized in three character educational patterns. First, moral knowledge (moral knowing) through a learning model classified as teacher-centered such as the story method (qissah) and metaphor (amthal); and the learning model classified as student-centered such as discussion (hiwar) and healthy reasoning ('aql salim). Second is moral deeds (moral doing) through the method of bayan 'amali (demonstration and simulation), mumarasah (exercises) and wasa'il ta'lim (facilities and infrastructure). Third is moral feeling through the qudwah or uswah method (exemplary) and muhasabah or muraqabah (self-introspection). As a practical offer, this article describes a number of alternative implementation of each method in these three character educational patterns, as a problem solving strategy for three educational problems in Malang.

Artikel ini memetakan tiga jenis problematika pendidikan di Kota Malang, yaitu demoralisasi anak; problematika pembelajaran daring; dan anak terjerat narkoba. Sebagai strategi problem solving, artikel ini menawarkan pendidikan karakter nabawi yang diadaptasi dari karya Sa’id Isma’il ‘Ali yang berjudul al-Sunnah al-Nabawiyyah: Ru’yah al-Tarbawiyyah, lalu dikontekstualisasikan dalam tiga pola pendidikan karakter. Pertama, pengetahuan moral (moral knowing) melalui model pembelajaran yang tergolong teacher-centris, seperti metode kisah (qishshah) dan metafora (amtsal); serta model pembelajaran yang tergolong student centris, seperti diskusi (hiwar) dan penalaran sehat (‘aql salim). Kedua, perbuatan moral (moral doing) melalui metode bayan ‘amali (demonstrasi dan simulasi), mumarasah (latihan-pembiasan) dan wasa’il ta’lim (sarana dan prasarana). Ketiga, sikap moral (moral feeling) melalui metode qudwah atau uswah (keteladanan) dan muhasabah atau muraqabah (introspeksi diri). Sebagai tawaran yang bersifat praktis, artikel ini memaparkan sejumlah alternatif implementasi setiap metode pada tiga pola pendidikan karakter tersebut, sebagai strategi problem solving terhadap tiga problematika pendidikan di Kota Malang.